メールのバウンス分類ツールを作る方法

/**
 * Classify a bounce into an action.
 * @param {number} code      basic SMTP code, e.g. 550
 * @param {string} [enhanced] enhanced status code, e.g. "5.1.1"
 */
export function classifyBounce(code, enhanced) {
  const cls = Math.floor(code / 100); // 2, 4, or 5

  // Policy / reputation block: the server is refusing YOU, not the mailbox.
  // Suppressing the recipient would be treating the wrong problem.
  if (enhanced?.startsWith("5.7") || enhanced?.startsWith("4.7")) {
    return { type: "policy", action: "review", note: "sender reputation, not the mailbox" };
  }

  if (cls === 5) {
    // Permanent: no such user, disabled, or the domain won't relay.
    return { type: "hard", action: "suppress", reason: "rejected_email" };
  }

  if (cls === 4) {
    // Temporary: full mailbox, greylisting, or a rate limit.
    const fullMailbox = code === 452 || enhanced === "4.2.2";
    return {
      type: "soft",
      action: "retry",
      reason: fullMailbox ? "full_mailbox" : "timeout",
    };
  }

  return { type: "unknown", action: "retry" };
}

classifyBounce(550, "5.1.1"); // { type: "hard",   action: "suppress" }
classifyBounce(452);          // { type: "soft",   action: "retry", reason: "full_mailbox" }
classifyBounce(554, "5.7.1"); // { type: "policy", action: "review" }  ← don't suppress

const ACTION_BY_REASON = {
  accepted_email:    "keep",     // deliverable
  rejected_email:    "suppress", // hard bounce confirmed by probe
  invalid_email:     "suppress", // bad syntax
  invalid_domain:    "suppress", // no mail route
  low_quality:       "suppress", // disposable
  low_deliverability: "segment", // catch-all or full mailbox — send carefully
  timeout:           "retry",    // greylisted / no answer yet
  unavailable_smtp:  "retry",    // couldn't reach the server
  unknown:           "retry",
};

// From a verification result row:
const action = ACTION_BY_REASON[row.reason] ?? "retry";